Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x9 metal pan with parchment paper, leaving some overhang so the brownies are easy to lift out after chilling. I like to use metal clips to hold my parchment in place. Lightly spray with cooking oil.
In a medium saucepan or microwave-safe bowl, melt the butter until just melted.
1 (226g) cup unsalted butter
Add the semi-sweet chocolate chips and cocoa powder to the melted butter. Whisk over low heat, or microwave in short bursts, until the chocolate has just melted and the mixture is smooth.
½ (42g) cup unsweetened cocoa powder, ½ (100g) cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
Transfer from heat as soon as the chocolate has melted if you used a pot, then pour the mixture into a mixing bowl.
Whisk in the granulated sugar, brown sugar, sourdough discard, eggs, and vanilla extract until the brownie batter is shiny and smooth.
1½ (300g) cups granulated white sugar, ¼ (50g) cup packed brown sugar, ½ (120g) cup sourdough discard, 3 large eggs, 1 tsp vanilla extract
Add the flour, cornstarch, and salt to the brownie batter, and mix just until no streaks remain. Try not to overmix at this point or the brownies will be tough. You just want the flour incorporated.
1 (125g) cup all-purpose flour, 2 tsp cornstarch, 1½ tsp fine sea salt
Fold in the chocolate chips if you're using them.
1 (170g) cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
Sourdough Discard Swap Option: If you don't have sourdough discard, add the extra flour and milk at this time and mix it into the brownie batter.
1/4 60g cup whole milk, 1/4 30g cup all-purpose flour
Spread the brownie batter into the prepared 9x9 pan, making sure it reaches the edges. Smooth the top with a spatula.
Overnight Fermentation Option: If you want to ferment this brownie batter, cover with plastic and refrigerate overnight in the pan. When you're ready to bake your brownie, allow to rest at room temperature for about an hour to warm up then bake as instructed.